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Analog Computers: A forgotten Tool?
I (MJMcC) started in simulation with work on analogue (analog)
computers. They provided a natural link between physical (prototype) systems and
their dynamic simulations. The block diagrams that represented the analogue configuration
had, naturally, the same topology as the diagrams showing cause-effect relationships in
the prototype.
As a result, component parts of the electronic hardware (integrators, summers, potentiometers)
of the model and their real world counterparts were easily linked in the minds of the
users in a way that the underlying differential equations that they shared did not. It was
a very natural way for engineers to do simulation of dynamic systems which is not
now widely used. Though the tools like Simulink (MATLAB) provide a powerful, if expensive, replacement
In the middle '60's and early '70's digital computers became capable of matching
computational speed in numerical solution of differential equations. A range of digital
analog simulators appeared (DAS, MIDAS, CIDAS) which could be given block diagrams as net
lists and imitate the analogue machines. It then became apparent that the interpretive
block structured form was inefficient and statement structured simulation tools (CSMP,
CSSL, ACSL) appeared that took advantage of compilation to create faster code. On the way
the ability to point at a bit of the simulation and recognise it as a replica of some real
world component, to stick a voltmeter in and read the value of the relevant variable, to
flip switches and hot wire the model as it was running all vanished. We did get away from
scaling problems, so it wasn't all bad news! Things like flight simulators with really
heavy computational loads hung on a bit longer, but virtually all are now digital.
Computational Nostalgia.
With personal computers being faster now and graphical user interfaces much easier to
create, I made a digitised analogue computer which recovers much of the
diagramatic, visual and recognisable topology features of analogue computers to give an
easy way to build a model by pointing and linking.
It runs like its analogue counterpart, press buttons (with mouse) stop
start, save results. But like all the digital differential equation solvers, scaling is no
longer a problem, no one needs to get hurt by the 300 volt power supplies and you don't
have to worry about wires coming out of patch panels or tweaking 10-turn potentiometers to
set values. Models are stored in text files and can be restarted from where they left off.
Data can be saved in text files, parsable into spreadsheets.
While it was originally done for fun, I have solved real problems with it,
taking advantage of being able to play with a "live" model instead of having to
complete a run through a calculation before reviewing results.
Hybrid Computer Simulation.
Having made the analogue computer replica, I extended it so that it
will do some of the things that HYBRID (analogue-digital) computers used to do.
The extension is to link a scriptable Microsoft Excel spreadsheet tool into the simulator so that users
can exploit its VBA macro capabilities to build programmable functions into the otherwise
'analogue' models. We have used it for modelling PLC and SLC control of processes.
Discrete Event Models too
I also made a discrete event simulator using Petri Net ideas which also has, by its nature, a block diagram form.
Now the two simulators are built into one. McSimAPN.
Plant and Process Simulators.
If you want to make a simulator for a plant, process or item of equipment and want both a
good quantitative model and something pictorial that you can use for education, operator
training, improving yield or optimising performance, then consult McCann Science.
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Invitation. McCann can help if you have a
design or operational problem that needs some technical support that is outside your
team's experience, some quantitative assessment of what is really the cause of the
difficulties, some design alternatives or just a fresh look by an intelligent
interrogator.
If you have a problem with the behaviour of a market sector, plant, process or item of
equipment and would like to get a quantitative handle on it to improve yield or optimise
performance, then contact us. We are always ready to give a little time
to discuss a new puzzle, in confidence,
of course. We'll only worry about fees
when we have some defined work. We can be flexible
about how we work with you. Top
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McCann Science,
POB 902,
Chadds Ford PA
19317 USA.
T: 1 302 654-2953
F: 1 302 429 9458
E: mjmccann@iee.org
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